The Effects Of Prenatal Screening On Children - 984 Words

Prenatal screening is used to detect any potential diseases or disabilities that a fetus may have or develop in the future. Many procedures are done to test said fetus, including analyzing a sample of amniotic fluid or testing a few cells from the placenta. Various genetic disorders are tested for, such as mental retardation, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs. Once informed of a fetus’ potential defects, the parents can then decide to either carry the fetus to full term or terminate the pregnancy. As with any situation concerning a human life, this has produced ethical issues. For those who believe prenatal screening followed by abortion is acceptable consider it a moral duty for parents to prevent a disease or disability that could cause their child suffering if they have the means to do so. Just as a mother can change her diet during a pregnancy to prevent a mental disorder, parents can choose to abort a fetus to prevent that child from having a life of pain and suffering. T o not prevent a disease or disorder is to disregard a child’s basic human desire to live a normal, healthy life, and is thus unfair to the child. Further advantages of prenatal screening are that it helps minimize overall suffering in the world and promotes general welfare. It also not only prevents the child from physical and emotional distress but it prevents a family’s emotional and economical distress, too. Although prenatal screening and abortion procedure may be relatively expensive, it couldShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Prenatal Screening On Children732 Words   |  3 Pagesdiagnostics to determine if the baby has any of a wide variety of conditions such as Down’s syndrome, Tay-Sachs and cystic fibrosis. This Prenatal Genetic Screening can also tell many different traits on the developing baby such as its gender. Many believe that this procedure to be unethical but genetic screening can do more good than harm. Prenatal screening has existed since the 70’s but those methods of baby monitoring were far more invasive compared to this new blood test. Amniocentesis involvesRead MoreThe Role Of Literature Of Maternal Depression During Prenatal Stages1110 Words   |  5 Pages Evaluating the Relationship of Literature of Maternal Depression during Prenatal Stages. Depression can occur at any time. We often hear talk of postpartum depression or the baby blues, which occurs shortly after the birth of a baby. Though we rarely discuss depression that occurs during pregnancy or prenatal depression. There are estimates that as many as 70% of women will experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy, making it a widespread concern. However, these depressive symptoms areRead MoreEffects Of Prenatal Genetic Testing For Autism806 Words   |  4 Pagesepidemiological cause of ASD (Auyeung et al, 2012). The effects of ASD have the potential to begin at a much sooner time during pregnancy then we previously thought. The future of understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of ASD is promising. Increased research and testing efforts have improved. There has been remarkable progress towards genetics, neurobiology, and treatments and early interventions. THESIS ARGUMENT (4-6 PAGES) Prenatal genetic testing for autism should not be mandatory. IRead MoreThe Right to Choose1801 Words   |  7 Pagesto ensure that such technology is not mistakenly applied and produces detrimental effects in humanity. The question of morality as related to prenatal testing (which is intrinsically linked to genetics), therefore, is a fairly controversial one, especially when the issue of selective abortion is brought up. Selective abortion, of course, is the willful termination of a fetus due to information provided by prenatal testing due to genetic advancements. Examples of selective abortion include a womanRead MoreGene Testing : Genes Affect A Single Gene Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesnonfunctional, protein being made.† (reference textbook). Gene mutations are often so subtle that they go by unnoticed as they have no physical distinction, but there are some gene mutations that have terminal effects. Everyone has a choice whether or not they’d like themselves or their children to be tested for gene mutations such as these. The conduction of these tests is known as gene testing. â€Å"Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or prote ins. TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Pregnant Mothers And Their Newborn Children1700 Words   |  7 Pagesassess the impact of Medicaid expansion on pregnant mothers and their newborn children. Issues explored were the history Medicaid, current perceptions regarding the program and its recipients, the benefits of Medicaid and the reasons that some states have chosen to opt out of the expansion. The methodology used for this study was to research peer reviewed articles and journals to determine the positive and negative effects of Medicaid expansion and compare data from states that have implemented programRead MoreMaternal Depression : A Standard ( New York State Department Of Health1048 Words   |  5 Pagespotential benefits of screening, screening for maternal depression is not a standard (New York State Department Of Health, 2016). This policy brief was written for healthcare providers who treat expectant and new mothers with goals to improve the screening a nd to increase the number of women receiving appropriate treatment in our community. The recommendations address measures to improve early identification of the condition and preventive/follow-up care delivery for women in prenatal to postpartum periodsRead MoreEthical Issues Regarding Prenatal Testing1498 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Issues Pertaining to Prenatal Testing Rebecca Arsenault University of Saint Joseph Ethical Issues Pertaining to Prenatal Testing The advances in medical and scientific research have impacted today’s society by constituting cures and treatments for illnesses and disabilities. A woman can now have her unborn child tested for diseases and disabilities before the child is born. This testing is called prenatal diagnosis and has become increasingly popular. Regretfully, selective abortionRead MoreThe Genetic Disease Of Down Syndrome1484 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, the author will analyze the genetic disease of Down syndrome. The author will give a definition of this genetic disorder, and explain some of the characteristics associated. The author will then discuss its scientific causes, and detail both prenatal and birth testing methods available to parents should they chose. The author will bring up some of the social implications of this disorder as we know it both from the past and currently. In this paper the author cites peer-reviewed references fromRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Wor ds   |  6 Pages(2014) defines violence in this instance as physical , sexual and psychological abuse. This abuse has a myriad of health consequences on all members of the whÄ nau, including children who witness or are subjected to this violence. The primary health care (PHC) nurse has a range of responsibilities in these contexts including screening for IPV, risk assessing, safety planning, documenting and supporting. The ramification of domestic violence asserts a myraid of health consequences for the victim and also

Travelling Abroad Is a Waste of Money Free Essays

TRAVELLING ABROAD IS A WASTE OF MONEY I strongly disagree that travelling abroad is a waste of money because we can learn history of civilizations, we can learn cultures of different peoples and we can witness the greatness of Allah. Firstly, in Surah Al- Ankabut: 20, Allah says : â€Å" Travel the earth then see how He makes the first creation, then Allah creates the latter creations†¦ † What this verse indicates is the disappearance of one nation to give place to another. For instance, the nation of the Pharaohs has been replaced by modern Egypt. We will write a custom essay sample on Travelling Abroad Is a Waste of Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other nations which have disappeared include the people of Ad and Thamud in the Middle-East. Through travelling we can learn the history and witness the remains of these civilizations. Secondly, we can learn the cultures of different peoples around the world. In Surah Ruum: 22, Allah says : â€Å" And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your tongues and colours.. †. Hence, if we travel from China across to Europe, we will see peoples of different looks, colours, sizes, cultures, languages, and ways of living. They include Chinese, Japanese, Indians, Persians, Arabs, and Europeans. All look different from one another, speak different languages, and practise different cultures. Finally, in Surah Ibrahim : 32, Allah says : â€Å" Allah†¦ made ships subservient to you to run their course in the sea by His command ,and He has made the rivers subservient to you. † This verse tells us that Allah provides the facilities for mankind to travel( by sea or river ). In so doing one can appreciate the creations and greatness of Allah. For instance, sailing in the seas will give us the opportunity to see sharks, beautiful islands, and the huge waves. Sailing in the rivers will give us the opportunity to see the numerous floras and faunas, rapids, and waterfalls. Although travelling abroad does cost a lot of money, inconvenience and sometimes have to face some difficulty, in my opinion, travelling abroad is not a waste of money because of the benefits we can get from it. [336 words] How to cite Travelling Abroad Is a Waste of Money, Essay examples

Logistics and Transportation Qantas Airways Limited †Solution

Question: Discuss about the Logistics and Transportation for Qantas Airways Limited. Answer: Introduction: Qantas Airways Limited is a reputed organization across the globe. It is an Australian multinational company that was established in the year 1920 and today it is the largest airline of Australia. The company has close to 30,000 employees and it has flights across 85 destinations. With only 30,000 employees, Qantas has been able to touch the revenue of AUD 15 billion. The success of Qantas could be attributed to number of factors. The leaders of Qantas has a key role to play to make Qantas a huge success story not only in Australia but also in different parts of the world (Chang Park, 2014). In the current business context, the airline industry is a growing industry that is highly dynamic in nature. The leaders of Qantas has been able to lead Qantas successfully across different stages of lifecycle (Daft, 2015). If an organization can successfully manage employees and determine new goals and a vision for the organization, it can be said they have reached a turning point. Each stage in the life cycle reaches a point where a change is necessary. Being able to successfully navigate those changes is what ultimately makes a business successful (Jalan, Sinha Ulus, 2014). It is believed that adaptability and flexibility is vital in the success of an organization and Qantas has been able to demonstrate both the levers of adaptability and flexibility. However, when organizations are not adaptable they remain unprofitable and as an organization for starters they have to determine if they want a large company of a small companies which will give them insight or vision as to how to best market the product. It can be said that it depends on the industry for example, at Qantas, managers have vowed to continue an emphasis on growth even if it means a decreasing return on investment (ROI). They are ingrained with the idea that to stop growing is to stagnate and die (Draft ,2015) this is an example of adaptability as they have to constantly do feasibility studies on how to continue to not only stay in business but provide its customers with quality products at a fraction of the cost. The leaders of Qantas realized the importance of human resource management fun ction to have a good rapport with employees and other internal stakeholders of the organization. The management established a communication system that was two-way in nature. The employees were encouraged to participate in the strategic decision making. The feedback of employees were taken seriously and it enabled Qantas to establish a flexible and open culture in the organization. The historical analysis of Qantas Airways Limited shows that the company was started as an airmail service in 1920. The first alliance for Qantas was in the form of QEA (Qantas Empire Airways Limited) that was formed between Qantas Airways Limited and Imperial Airways of Britain. The second milestone in the journey of Qantas was the nationalization of the company. Qantas Airways was nationalized in the year 1947 when Australian Labor government bought the shares of Qantas Airways Limited (Lee, 2010). Another benchmark in the journey of Qantas was the introduction of Boeing 707 in the year 1956. It was the year 1959 when Qantas became the third airline to fly jets across the North Atlantic. From 1950 to 1990, Qantas invested heavily to procure Boeing aircrafts. The Boeing 747 fleet was upgraded from 1989 with the arrival of the new Boeing 747-400 series. In the present business environment, Qantas's main international hubs are Sydney Airport and Melbourne Airport. However, Qantas oper ates a significant number of international flights into and out of Singapore Changi, Auckland Airport, Brisbane Airport, Los Angeles International and London Heathrow airports. The analysis of the operations of Qantas Airways reveals that Qantas could achieve its commitment to establishing and sustaining competitive dominance, maintaining good culture and reputation for customer service, without much disruptions within its network and effectively serve consumers. Management, employees in this case had a duty to work collaboratively to make that become a reality (Fournier, 2014). While management can show great leadership and strategic planning, employees could do their best to collaborate, share their views and continue to do their best in giving excellent services and maintaining that good culture. Collaborative effort among all business function is necessary to ensure operations run efficiently and are cost effective. One of the innovations Qantas Airways introduced was to decrease the turnaround times at the airport (Homsombat Lei, 2014). The IT department would have to implement better methods of keeping track of planes coming and going as far as arrival times, departure times and ensuring that all digital and technical equipment was appropriately working and functional to direct airport traffic very precisely. They would have to record and report data about turnaround times and help make recommendations to help streamline the process. Marketing the new changes that focused on customer satisfaction, better ticket prices, and faster flights (at least less time spent in the airport waiting) would have to pitch the new changes to the public in a way that would draw customers in. Collaboration amongst multiple business functions is necessary for the business to function as a whole (Daft, 2013). Each department is like a part of a car. They perform their own separate functions, but they have to work toward the same goal. If there is a problem in one area it is going to leak over into other areas. To promote success of the strategic plan for Qantas Airways to serve customers, human resources would need to ensure there were enough trained employees to not only be available to Qantas but to provide continuing service to other airlines as well. This tactical strategy would have to be implemented early as training and developing employees takes time (Dwyer Spurr, 2010). Workforce planning and performance influence all business functions as no company can function without employees and the potential for success is increased by having the right employees. Decreasing turn around time also increased the customer satisfaction by increasing on time service to and from the convenient airports with low airfares. In addition to providing inexpensive service another marketing tool was to make the flight fun. The management and leaders of Qantas Airways realized that collaboration is the key to keep employees motivated and to create a platform where employees remain productive. The leaders of Qantas Airways realized that all departments must collaborate in order for an organization to achieve success in all areas (Hazledine, 2010). For Qantas Airways, Collaboration is the key factor in the customer service. All team members are trained to handle most operation. Pilots could handle baggage if the situation demanded it, gate operators could turn planes around rapidly. The collaboration among teams made sure that flights are not delayed. The collaboration among the human resource department help train the crew members adequate training to handle the emergencies at all levels. With Human Resources and Customer service working together, management of Qantas Airways would need to work together to understand the airline industry culture, ease tension with the reality that traffic delays out airp orts. Having the collaboration of these business groups is important to engage employees with the same message between departments for continued positive employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. References Chang, Y.T., Park, H.S., Jeong, J.B. and Lee, J.W., 2014. Evaluating economic and environmental efficiency of global airlines: A SBM-DEA approach.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,27, pp.46-50. Daft, R. L. (2015). Organization theory and design (12th ed.) Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R. and Hoque, S., 2010. Estimating the carbon footprint of Australian tourism.Journal of Sustainable tourism,18(3), pp.355-376. Fournier, K., 2014. The qantas/emirates decision: How the competition commission of Singapore used the net economic benefits exclusion to regulate the air passenger market.Singapore Academy of Law Journal,26(2), p.436. Hazledine, T., 2010. Pricing, competition and policy in Australasian air travel markets.Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP),44(1), pp.37-58. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z. and Fu, X., 2014. Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,63, pp.1-16. Jalan, I., Sinha, S., Ulus, E. (2014). Narratives of fate and misfortune in organizational life: Stories of success and failure. Culture Organization, 20(5), 410-429. Lee, B. and Worthington, A., 2010. The relative efficiency of international, domestic, and budget airlines: nonparametric evidence.

Management and Leadership of Organizations free essay sample

Management and Leadership of Organizations Unit 1 Individual Project American InterContinental University Details: The internet has created new ways to do business for organizations with much less capital planning as opposed to the high capital needs of traditional brick and mortar organizations. Based on this, how should management and leadership be addressed for each type of business? Research successful traditional and online retailers and address the following issues: Discuss the organizational structure of one traditional and one online retailer. Identify two management or leadership challenges for each type of retailer. Are the challenges basically the same or different? In what ways are they the same or how are they different? If you were advising a successful leader in a traditional retailer who was interested in making the transition to working as an online retail organization, what advice would you give? Management and Leadership This paper I will examine the roles and responsibilities of authoritative managers and leaders in advancement and creating an advantageous authoritative ability in a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership of Organizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will additionally differentiate amid administration and administration aural an aggregation as able-bodied as call the roles in which both managers and leaders comedy in creating and advancement an advantageous authoritative ability in a company. I will go on to explain how the arch action of administration supports the conception and aliment of an advantageous authoritative ability in a company. Finally, I will achieve with my recommendations that both managers and leaders can use to actualize and advance an advantageous authoritative ability in a company. The responsibilities of the managers in a company are to overlook employees’ performance, accommodate acknowledgment during advance reviews, and analyze areas of improvements and agent recognition. A company will also have leaders, which are classified as assignments or work leaders. Their duties are to aid advisers like themselves in their circadian job duties. Assignment or work leaders tend to be added accomplished advisers who managers agent this responsibility. Although the two high leaders and management seem to be similar, I can truly tell you they are very different. Someone people maybe a manger but not a true leader. The definition of a manager is to accept subordinates and leaders accept followers. (Changing Minds) There are dissimilarities with a leader and a manager at each company. They can have very different attitudes on their goals. whit a manager in a company’s authoritative goals are linked to the ability of the organization based on the four functions of administration such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, as with leaders access goals are on a more personal level. Leaders tend to advance his or her own account rather than accommodate to the â€Å"Main Objective† of the organization. Leaders accept an abundant access on others. According to the analysis I have found it states that, â€Å"Outstanding leaders connect their strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes to codify and apparatus strategies that produce a result and acceptable aggressive advantage†. Within a company, both managers and aggregation leads have a role in creating and advancement an advantageous authoritative culture. Often, a person can tend to act out of ethnocentrism, which is â€Å"the addiction to adjudicator others by the standards of one’s accumulation or culture, which are apparent as superior,† This behavior reflects badly on an organization. Managers and aggregation leads in a company are declared to reflect the personality of the support the overall goals and the organization. For example, a company, it is important that you accomplish every goal to get a customer’s to have absolutely corporation with an operational person in a proper time frame that you guarantee your customers so that they are happy. To do this involves a lot of maneuverings from several people in the organization. Both managers and leads must take on some activity to ensure this is done. An acceptable leader will help motivate the advisers to want to access and meet this goal. This entails the lead of management, which â€Å"involves the manager’s efforts to activate high achievement by each employee†. In A company, administering account achievement evaluations on advisers or employees helps each manager by pointing out employees’ strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvements to accredit that agent to grow to be more successful. This supports the conception and aliment of an advantageous organizational culture within the company. This way the advisers or employees can see where they are and what area they need to change to be affective in the organization’s goal. The leading action of administration â€Å"involves the manager’s efforts to activate high achievement by employees†. In an organization, this is handled by administering account evaluations of each advisers and having daily team meetings to communicate tasks that are being followed and completed to be sent to high management. This is additionally how administration supports the conception and aliment of an advantageous organizational culture in a company. Recommendations for managers who demand to be leaders are to appearance compassion. To be a leader a person needs to see the world as an opportunity to change. They need to accept the employees dilemmas. Respect the assessment of the advisers and accomplish decisions that will be acceptable not only for them but the company as well. Leaders should not be acquisitive or selfish. They need to accept the amount of sharing, and apperceive their success is the effect of the efforts of every individuals. In conclusion I have shown you the different aspects between a manager and a leader in a company. With a new concept and a diverse world of business it is very necessary to implement both the managerial skills with the leadership skills in order to create new ideas. All of the Employees need to feel that their worth everything to the company and that they know that their opinions matter in the company as well. With c company you will always have challenging assignments and implementing that will build an idea in an employee and some are will not be discontent or unhappy. References Changing Minds Retrieved from http://changingminds. org/disciplines/leadership/articles/manager_leader. htm The Art and Science of Leadership sixth edition author Afsaneh Nahavandi

How and why the definition of development has changed Essays

How and why the definition of development has changed Essays How and why the definition of development has changed Essay How and why the definition of development has changed Essay How and why the definition of development has changed The definition of development has changed radically, and was first only characterized by using economic indicators as its primary factor. Predominantly, economic Is the mall contributing factor, however, in modern times, living conditions, and other contributing factors to the well-being of a population has helped manipulate whether a country is developed or not. Basing development on the economic status was commonly used decades ago; however the deflation of It has become less narrow In the 21 SST century, with broader concepts other than the wealth of a country being seed. This Is mainly because as times have changed, so have peoples pollens on the significance of certain Indicators, with less focus aimed at how much Different factors can help determine what development means, with social, environmental, political and sustainability all being used Communication and travel networks have developed over the past few decades, with the first electronic computers introduced in the 1 sass. This has provided people with the Web, and thus an extensive source of information that people can utilize it make them aware of global affairs and the tuitions of other foreign countries. This has helped people become aware of how to differentiate between different levels of development, as they can identify strengths and weaknesses from current affairs either through social networking, or other forms of media. Sociability is a significant factor as a lack of community spirit or unity can help show that even if a country is producing a vast output, that relationships between people may be mixed. Subsequently a countrys development needs to help reflect the extent of social well-being. Environmental and sustainability are closely interlinked when defining development, as a country shouldnt be regarded as developed if the environment is being neglected for a countrys growth in wealth. In addition, if resources are being depleted for this necessary short term development then it is going to effect the future generations ability to grow, so development has had to take into consideration the sustainability of these countries. If future generations have a limited opportunity to utilize resources then a country is not truly developed, so In addition, there was a very vague generalization that the Brandt line presented a split in development of countries. The Brandt line has adapted Its shape In recent times, with some southern hemisphere countries developing at such a rate they cannot be regarded as Inferior to some northern counterparts. Despite the anomalies, the Brandt line Is still used to represent a North/ South divide between those countries who are developed and those who are not. Even though It remains quite true even today with the revised definition, It Is still vague and Is often disputed. Another reason that the definition may have changed Is the Improvement f the ethics and morals of people In modern society. Many people now have an ethos of equality between social classes and because of this; It has been seen as quite offensive to label something as third world. Using the notion of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd world hierarchy system has meant its very difficult to escape from it as there is class an hence less developed is something of the past, with each country developed within their own right. The main reason, as aforementioned, that the definition of development has changed, is because the concept has evolved further from Just economically developed. Before, acronyms such as LED and MED (Less Economically Developed Country and More Economically Developed Country respectively) were used but in recent times, they have been scrapped and OLD and MAD have been replaced for them instead. This represents a huge shift from the idea that economic prowess was the only factor that contributed to whether a country was developed or not. Economics Just shows the wealth of a country and how many goods or services it can produce within a year. Whilst the level of production and standards of living can be closely linked, it cannot be proven that welfare increases in all cases where there is economic growth. As a result, other factors have been used in collaboration with economics so a more even and fair definition of development could be used. Literacy has been conceptualized traditionally as having a major role in developing a nation. Literacy helps to spread awareness among the people of their rights. People with good literacy skills enjoy a higher standard of living, have better opportunities of finding Jobs, and are able to continue to learn new skills that will help them in the workplace. A nation with high literacy rate is more keel to attract a large pool of investors and entrepreneurs as well as the inflow of money which in turn have a great impact on the nations economy. A societys economic prosperity and literacy have great influence on each other as they Jointly grow together. As a result of this, more people are sharing opinions on how development should be characterized, which has led to a shift away from economic toward a more diverse spread of criteria. Only those who are narrow-minded have allowed development to be branded in such a simplistic fashion, but with the increase in education, there are less people who share that narrow-minded view.

Improve your college paper writing with us!

Improve your college paper writing with us! Why Your College Writing is Not Getting Good Grades - Tips to Fix It Once you walk into your first college class, you are subject to much higher expectations for course work. Your reading assignments will be more frequent and lengthier; your assignments will be more challenging; and the type of college papers you must produce will be more complex and held to a higher standard than is typical for high school students. It is highly unlikely that your professors will do the following: Receive a rough draft, make corrections and suggestions for improvement, and then receive a final draft for ultimate grading. Assist you in improving your writing, unless it is a writing course with a lab component. It is highly likely that your professor will do the following: Read and assign a grade to an essay or paper that you submit Assign a poor grade if the piece of writing does not meet his/her expectations If your writing assignments result in poor grades, there may be a number of reasons, and there are also methods for fixing any of the issues you may have with your research and writing skills. Mis-understanding/Failing to Adhere to the Specifics of the Assignment This is one of the most common mistakes students make. When a college paper assignment is given, they fail to read carefully from their syllabi or listen to their professors’ specifications. Frequently, a details of a writing assignment will be contained in the syllabus, so be certain that you read them very carefully and stick exactly to what your professor wants. If the assignment specifies that you compare and contrast, then that is exactly what you must do; if you are to analyze an outside reading assignment, then you are to read it carefully, take it apart, summarizing the points the author is making and commenting on those points. If you are asked to evaluate, you are being asked to make a judgment – are the author’s points or opinions valid? Why or why not? If you are to write a book review discussing one of its themes, you will not be providing a plot summary. The Fix: Read the assignment very carefully and look for key words – compare, contrast, analyze, discuss, respond to, evaluate, describe, etc. If you do not understand the assignment, contact your professor of the TA. Do not do a thing until you know exactly what is expected of you. Too Broad or Too Narrow a Topic You will usually be given a minimum and maximum length for a writing assignment, ad your topic must be of a breadth and depth to â€Å"fit.† When you choose a topic that is too broad, you will become overwhelmed with the amount of information there is and may fall into a trap of leaving out crucial research and points, in order to stay within the length requirement. If your topic is too narrow, there will not be enough information to meet the minimum requirement, you may try to add â€Å"fluff† to fill pages, and your grade will definitely suffer. The Fix: If you have to choose your own topic within a broad area, select a couple that are of interest. Contact your professor or TA and ask for advice. They are usually happy to help! If your topic is too broad, you can probably narrow it down to one or more aspects; if it is too narrow, better pick something else. Part of writing a college paper is selecting a topic that is correct for the required length! Unsophisticated Research You are in college now, and Wikipedia is not a resource for research. You will be expected to find scholarly resources on your topic. If you use the same types of resources that you did in high school, or if you use resources intended for middle and high school levels, your professor will be angry, and you could easily end up with an â€Å"F.† The Fix: Once you have your topic, perform a simple â€Å"Google† search. For example, use â€Å"college level resources for eugenics movements in the United States.† You will get a long list, including one or two clearing houses of resource lists. Choose your resources from among these lists and be grateful you are not in college 4 decades ago when searches had to be conducted in the library, using the card catalogue! And if you do go to the campus library, you can search by topic and be comfortable knowing that resources housed there are at an appropriate level of sophistication. One note, however: Wikipedia does have its place, particularly as you are attempting to refine a topic, because the entries are almost always divided into sub-topics. Lack of a Thesis You may have been able to get away with this in high school, but never when writing college papers. Choosing a topic is one thing. Coming up with a solid thesis is quite another. The thesis statement tells your reader why you have researched this topic or presents your viewpoint or opinion on the topic. Without a thesis, your paper has no scholarly merit and will certainly earn an â€Å"F.† The Fix: Once you have a topic, ask yourself some questions about it. Is this something that most people don’t understand? Why is it important? What is your purpose in researching this – are you trying to enlighten, persuade, or analyze? When you answer one or more of these questions you will have your thesis statement. (And put it at the end of your introductory paragraph) Composition Issues If you lack good writing skills – organization, coherence, paragraph development, sentence structure, transitions, mechanics, you will always receive lowered grades, no matter for what course you are writing an essay or paper. The Fix: Unfortunately, correcting this issue is a process that takes times. You need to begin a self-taught program of grammar and composition, get a tutor, or spend a lot of time in the writing lab. Anyone can become a good academic writer, but it takes commitment and lots of practice. In the meantime, you may want to enlist the services of a reputable academic writing service that can provide you with original, custom writing while you develop your own skills.

The Parable of the Watchful Servants Term Paper

The Parable of the Watchful Servants - Term Paper Example (c) Do you detect any particular structural pattern? (example: parallelism with other books of the Bible or is you passage a stand-alone passage etc.) (d) Has your passage come through the editorial process? What changes have been made? Explain why possible changes have been made?   (e) What are the theologically important words in your passage? Do these words evoke any other parts of the Bible? Are these words used in a new way by the author of this passage? What does the word or words mean?   (f) What does this passage say about a relationship with God?   What questions might this passage have addressed in the community for which it was originally addressed?   Context The passage which proceeded from the Parable of the Watchful Servant pertains to the Parable of Rich Fool. This verse in Luke 12: 13-21 forewarned believers not to covetous to mundane and material abundance because God is not interested about how much wealth was reaped from this world but how much spiritual we alth one was able to nurture. Didn’t it was clearly pronounced when he asked â€Å"what profit a man if he earns the whole world but loses his own soul (Mark 8:36)?† The parable of the Watchful Servant was also connected to the succeeding paragraph which explicated the need for those enriched to care for those who are deprived as enshrined in Luke 12: 22-29. The verses ask the rich to not just enjoy once abundance in life by eating, party-making and merrying but rather by engaging in a more meaningful act of sharing such abundance to those who are hungry, deprived and impoverished. Such mundane richness is neither the measure of man’s person nor of Christian’s value. Man should transcend the richness reaped from for mundane causes and must rather prepare his soul with values to please God because He will not be fascinated to recognize the possessions generated from the earth which always corrupt the person and his spirit. The biblical text called on the f ollowers to treasure those that could permeate him to enjoy the Kingdom in heaven. Thus, the passage encourages those who earned more to give alms and to share because life is more than the flesh and more than just meat. It’s therefore primordial to â€Å"seek first the Kingdom of God because all things shall be added unto you (Luke 12:31).† The Parable of the Watchful Servant is followed by the verses on The Unfaithful Servant (Luke 12:41-48) and I quote: Then Peter said unto him, Lord, speakest thou this parable unto us, or even to all?  And the Lord said,  who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of meat in due season?  43  Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing.  Of a truth I say unto you, that he will make him ruler over all that he hath.  But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the m enservants and maidens, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken;  The lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut  him in sunder, and will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers.  And that servant, which knew his lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.  But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes. For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required: and to whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more (Luke 12:41-48).  Ã‚  

Sony Corporation Financial review for the Year 2004-2005(As until Essay

Sony Corporation Financial review for the Year 2004-2005(As until Nov05) - Essay Example In the Electronics segment, Sony develops, designs, manufactures electronic equipment. Its subsidiary, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc., the Company develops, produces, manufactures and markets games like PlayStation, PS one, PlayStation 2, among others. In the Music segment, Sony produces recorded music and music videos, and also distributes compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs) and universal media discs (UMDs). Sony's Pictures segment includes production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures, television broadcasting and online distribution. Sony's financial services include savings and loans. The Other segment consists of an advertising agency business and an Internet-related service business. Focusing on the recent financial year, Sony entered a new stage of development, one that seeks to target opportunities in the upcoming era of broadband networks. A new top-management team made up of CEO Sir Howard Stringer, Director Dr. Ryoji Chubachi, and CFO Mr. Katsumi Ihara was formed to take the lead in this important effort. This is a pivotal year for Sony Corporation, and this new structure will enable the company to streamline its operation, and provide a more cohesive focus for operating its businesses around the world in a proactive and strategic manner. This Report is an attempt to analyze and review, in depth the financial status, position and a comprehensive reporting of the same to the Investors of Sony Corporation. Financial & Market Standpoint(As of Nov'2005): The global economy was generally strong during the first half of the fiscal year. However, the U.S. economy began to slow in the second half of the year due to a rapid slowdown in growth of consumer spending and other economic factors. As the fiscal year drew to a close, economies in Japan, Asia, Europe, and elsewhere showed increasing signs of weakness. Even amid these worsening market conditions, Sony was able to achieve a 9% increase in consolidated net sales for the year (Hem Scott, Inc. ). On a local currency basis, sales rose 12%(Hem Scott, Inc. ). A large increase in sales of electronics products was the primary reason. Regarding earnings, the Electronics business performed very well, primarily due to the performance of digital products and semiconductors. The Game business posted a loss, which was chiefly a reflection of start-up expenses for the PlayStation 2 format. As a result, consolidated operating income increased only 1% compared with the previous year. However, exclud ing the impact of the stronger yen, on a local currency basis consolidated operating income increased 47%. Share of sales and operating revenue by business segment * Year ended March 31, 2005 All eyes are on Sony or, more likely, on its high profit PlayStation home video game systems. PlayStation 2 dominates the "game console market" with about 70% of global sales (Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox control about 15% each). Sony, one of the world's top consumer electronics firms, also makes a host of other products, including PCs, digital cameras, Walkman stereos, and semiconductors; these products account for more than 60% of the company's sales. Sony's entertainment assets include recorded music and

Information Systems Security Survey Essay Example for Free

Information Systems Security Survey Essay The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) is an institution that was built back in the 19th century. UNMC’s mission is to improve the health of Nebraska through premier educational programs, innovative research, the highest quality patient care, and outreach to underserved populations (UNMC, 2004). As an institution with key interest to privacy of its students, staff and subordinate staff, UNMC has adopted various policy guidelines to ensure information security system. The Information Security Management Plan (ISMP) describes its safeguards to protect confidential information. These safeguards are meant among another reason to: Ensure the confidentiality of data Ensure the integrity of data Ensure the availability of data Protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of the information UNMC has adopted information security industry best practices to implement its information security system (UNMC, 2014). They have become so effective that during 2011, a Hitrust Gap assessment was performed, and no significant gaps were found within its security program. The worksheet below outlines how these programs have been rolled out by different offices in the university. Worksheet: Information Security Program Survey Security Area Responsible Party / Office of Primary Responsibility Known Vulnerabilities / Risks Countermeasures / Risk Mitigation Strategy Acquisition (systems/services) Information Security Office Breach of the confidentiality clause All service providers must undergo an evaluation process to verify they are qualified. Contracts have a confidentiality clause whose breach terminates the contract. Asset management System Administrator Poor asset management Proper policies and procedure in place  to ensure effective asset management. Evaluation to ascertain the qualifications of asset managers. Audit and accountability Information Security Office Dishonest employees disclosing confidential information to third parties Every application contains a log that must be maintained to meet regulatory requirement. There is Information security Incident Response plan to handle any notable strange events. Authentication and authorization System Administrator Covered data may be transferred to third parties without authorization Employees are provided with user name and password to access the data. Employees are trained on developing a secure password. There are control policies in place governing access to this information. Business continuity Information Security Office Non-coordination and miscommunication between employees All employees are supposed to keep contact information of co-workers and supervisors to seek for help in case of any emergency. Compliance management Compliance Officer the Information Security Officer Employees failure to comply with the set guidelines, policies and procedure There is a compliance form that is filled before a major project is undertaken by the enterprise. The form is to ensure that no new risk is introduced to the enterprise. Configuration control System Administrator Compromised system security Every configuration must have a password. Each password must have at least ten characters. The password must be encrypted at all times. Data System Administrator Data may be intercepted during transmission Database with security keys is available to authorized employees only. Access to classified data is allowed to limited employees. Information security plan ensures security of covered data. Hardware System Administrator Destruction of hardware in disaster Only employees with technical know-how of operating hardware are allowed to use them. The hardware are encrypted for security purposes. Hardware backup system. Identity management Information Security Office Unauthorized covered data and information transfer through third parties Identity Management Program (IDM) outlines procedure for issuing credentials based on the NIST guidance. Checks are done on employees prior to their employment. Incident management Command Centre Incident Response Team Physical loss of data in a disaster An Incident Reporting and Response Plan is in place to report and respond to any  identified risk. Availability of a well-trained incident response team. Command Centre is established to manage emergency. Maintenance procedures Change Advisory Board (CAB) Existing patches within the security system A release process is in place to ensure that the changes do not affect non-primary system. Patching policies for workstations to ensure security. Media protection and destruction Information Security Office Unauthorized access covered data as well as information Data storage policies define how data stored in the media is to be protected. Data is only stored in a secured data centre or encrypted medium. Network System Administrator Unauthorized access to the network Network traffic is controlled by Cisco enterprise-class firewall where inbound connects are only allowed to DMZ. Internal trusted network is provided via an encrypted VPN tunnel. Technical perimeter is established to bar direct access from the internet to the Internal Trusted Area. Planning Information Security Office Poor planning that compromise management of the security system Contingency plan is in place to handle any eventuality. Employees are encouraged to store data on network file servers for backup. All backups are surely stored and marked for easy identification during emergencies. Personnel System Administrator Loss of data integrity Employees are only employed after exhibiting minimum security requirement. Information Security Addendum are to be signed for confidentiality purposes. An insider who ensures that all legal requirements are followed before access is granted must accompany outsiders accessing information. Physical environment System Administrator Physical safety of the environment may be compromised through attacks and burglary No unauthorized personal is allowed within the data centre premises. The data centers are controlled by keycard access. Policy Information Security Plan Coordinator Policies may be misinterpreted by the employee The University’s security policy is enshrined in the Privacy, Confidentiality and Security of Patient Proprietary Information Policy and the Computer Use and Electronic Information Security Policy. The two policies require that authorized people can only access this information. The policies are reviewed every two years to make them in tandem with the prevailing circumstances. Operations The Information Security Officer and the Infrastructure Team  Failure for operations to comply with the system security policy An operation must fill a compliance Checklist or a Security Risk Assessment form for review to verify that no new risk is introduced to the enterprise. Outsourcing System Administrator Unauthorized disclosure of security information by third parties Outsourced vendors must comply with UNMC Policy No. 8009, Contract Policy. Vendors accessing classified student information must sign the GLB Act contract addendum. Risk assessments Information Custodian Poor method of risk assessment that may downplay the actual impact of a risk Security assessment I conducted annually. All applications must meet the organizations security policies and procedure. Software System Administrator Software may be infected with a virus Software should not be installed unless the user trusts it. Vendor update and patches must be installed unless directed otherwise. Software license must be retained to get technical assistance. Training System Administrators and Information Custodians Misuse of security system Loss of data integrity Employees are trained on information security system before they are employed. System administrators and information custodians are annually trained on Specific Information Security Policy and Procedure. References UNMC. (March 2014) Strategic Plan 2010-2013. Retrieved from http://www.unmc.edu/wwwdocs/strategic-plan_06-10_v3-brochure1.pdf United States Government Accountability Office. (February 2010). ELECTRONIC PERSONAL HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE: Health Care Entities Reported Disclosure Practices and Effects on Quality of Care. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10361.pdf UNMC. (February 9, 2004). Information Security Plan. Retrieved from http://www.unmc.edu/its/docs/UNMCInformationSecurityPlan-Sept2010.pdf

Boundaries of the I-Function in Twins :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Boundaries of the I-Function in Twins Identical, conjoined, and half-twins are all examples of intrinsic variability in humans. Intrinsic variability exists in all animals and is an adaptive mechanism built into the nervous system in response to input. This mechanism allows humans to distinguish the same inputs as different from one another and therefore, the possible outputs vary with time. It is possible that due to identical genetic input, the twins could share identical neural pathways and identical I-Functions. This hypothesis could explain the identical behaviors and inter-connectedness of feelings and thoughts that twins share. Differences that are seen in twin behaviors could simply be due to intrinsic variability causing differing output or behaviors. During ovulation, when a woman releases an ovum, three different processes can occur. First, the ovum can remain in one piece all the way to the uterus where, if not fertilized, it will be shed out of the body along with the unused endometrium. Second, the ovum, if fertilized, can develop into a single embryo, which is the most common type of pregnancy in humans with about 99% of all births being singletons (1). Finally, the ovum can split into two separate halves resulting in genetically identical twins. The three types of twins previously mentioned are identical, which are created when the fertilized ovum separates into two complete, identical parts, conjoined, which occur as a result of a fertilized ovum not completing the equal separation resulting in two fetuses fused together in some way, and half-twins or polar body twins, which are made when an unfertilized ovum splits into two complete, identical parts and is then fertilized by two different sperm. The frequency of identical twins is 3.5 per 100 births (1) and the frequency of conjoined twins is 1 birth per 50,000 with only 100 known cases surviving their first year (5). There is no scientific explanation for why an ovum splits into two or more parts. It has been observed that ovum splitting can be hereditary but can also occur spontaneously. This spontaneity or unexplained divergence from normal egg growth and fertilization could be due to intrinsic variability. This intrinsic variability could also be connected to certain differences in behavior of two genetically and culturally identical twins. Ideally, one could say that twins with identical genetic information and environments would have extremely similar, if not the same neural pathways and central pattern generators (CPGs).

Review Employees Files

Learning Team: Review Employees Files Shemika Williams, Maria Rios, Juakita Little, Yanelys Bobey HCS/341 October 8, 2012 Denise R. Holcomb Learning Team: Review Employees Files Bennie Bellamy: Had first occurrence of not taking patient’s vital signs on January 14thand 18th; then again on February 3rd and 6th. Bennie was talked to about this to see why he was not getting them and he stated that he did not have time. He had a year evaluation on May 20, 2003, in this he was rated a 1 for not following directions.The following year May 21, 2004 Bennie had improved tremendously and got all 2’s on his yearly review and got a 3% raise versus the 2% he got the year before. And in the 3rd year May 20, 2005 he was still improving, so after the incidents in 2003 Bennie made great improvement after being reprimanded for not taking vitals and he has not had a problem since. On February 7, 1997 King Lovell put in an application to work at Patton – Fuller Community Hospital. O n February 20, 1997, King Lovell received a letter from Patton – Fuller Community Hospital offering the RN Staff Nurse position.King official start date was March 17, 1997. King Lovell received his annual employee evaluation in 1998 by the RN Staff Nurse. In his general evaluation different job specifics were evaluated. King in 12 different occasions was late and his dependability was unacceptable. For the first evaluation, King was informed to enroll in documentation classes that were going to start within that month due to needing some work. Another occasion there were two occasion were the wrong patient almost received wrong medicine.Due to that incident, King was instructed to take a refresher course on medication administration that was being offered in July. On August 12, 1998, King Lovell had a corrective action form by human resource personnel. This was the first conference, King was continuing to be late to work, violating the attendance policy, receiving complaints about rude behavior towards the doctor, failed to sign, and continuing to have medication errors and not helping other co-workers. King Lovell received to verbal warnings on July 10 and August 2 but the problem is still occurring.King was informed by management of the following: It  is expected that  you will be  to  work  on  time. It  is expected that  you will show  courtesy  to  staff,  physicians,  patients and  their  families,  rudeness will not  be  tolerated. It  is expected that  you will complete  all entries in  the  patient’s record  and that  you  will properly  sign  all notations  at  least once on  each  shift. King received another annual evaluation in 1999, where his attendance, attitude, and dependability were still lacking.Due to lack of improvement over the last year’s evaluation, he was terminated. The files show due diligence was followed and given in different occasion by informing King Lovell to take additional classes to improve his job performance and was also given verbal warnings to improve, but the employee failed to show improvement and continued to lack. On March 10, 2007 Louise McFate applied for the position of Director of Infection Control at Patton-Fuller Community Hospital.On May 9, 2007 Louise McFate received a hire Letter from PFCH offering her the position of Director of Infection Control with an official start date of July 11, 2007. On October 12, 2007, Louise McFate received her 90 day evaluation and received a rating of 2. 0 (Acceptable) in all areas. On January 14, 2008, McFate received her 6 months evaluation and again received a rating of 2. 0 in all areas. On July 14, 2008 McFate received her first annual review and received an improved overall score of 2. 17.Unfortunately, on November 7, 2008 Louise McFate received a corrective action form stating that the Joint Commission issued a Request for Improvement on a needle disposal violation found during their visit. Although this is McFate’s first and only corrective action they did advise her to continue to establish procedures to prevent any further needle disposal violations. Louise McFate did not sign this corrective action form because she did not agree with it and believes she was singled out unfairly because Mr.Adair from the joint Commission targeted her in retaliation after she declined a dinner invitation from him. This does require investigation from the organization to determine if indeed there was a violation made or if in fact it was in retaliation towards McFate. In the meanwhile, McFate needs to keep on her toes because this still goes in her file and there may not be a way to prove it. According to McFate there is no need for due diligence and they haven’t followed up with her progress or had any other incidents following this one.On March 15, 1995 Alva Branham filled out an application for a Security Officer position for Patton-Fuller C ommunity Hospital. Five days later, on March 20, 1995, Branham received a hire letter from Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. Branham official start date would be on April 3, 1995 as followed with orientation dates. Branham annual employee evaluation came up on April 9, 1996 by the Manager of Security. Over the years Branham annual employee evaluation scores has become decreased in some employee evaluations.On one of Branham employee evaluations, it was commented by the Manager that Branham has misplaced company radios and also not being available for central control or other staff to get up with you especially in an emergency. Branham has also been missing 15 days of work over the past 8 ? months which is unacceptable and in violation of the attendance policy. On January 4, 1998, Branham had her first conference with the human resource department to go over the corrective action form.Branham had her second conference of corrective action on February 20, 1998 which stated she didnâ⠂¬â„¢t use proper policy and procedures of logging patient items when a patient is discharged from the hospital. Branham was then notified again about all policy and procedures. After the last issue, Branham was then warned that if another occurrence happens within the next 3 months that further corrective action will be taken and lastly even termination. Reference University of Phoenix. (2011). Patton- Fuller Community Hospital Virtual Organization. Retrieved from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu

Causes and Effects of Alcohol Abuse Essay

Alcoholism is the excessive and usually uncontrollable use of alcoholic drinks. There are many symptoms, complications, treatments and ways of prevention for alcoholism. Certain groups of people may be at a greater risk than others for several different reasons. There are numerous factors in why people may become addicted. Usually, a variety of factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Social factors such as the influence of peers, family, society, the availability of alcohol, mental illness, stress, and not knowing how to cope with certain situations. It’s a common thing for an alcoholic to think drinking is the answer to all their problems, but in retrospect drinking is only adding to the multiple complications caused by being a compulsive drinker. Research has been done to explore the reason behind why people drink. However, â€Å"Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. † (NIAAA) The effects of alcoholism have been divided into groups. There are physical effects, psychological effects and effects that contribute to many other health, safety, social and econimical problems. Some physical effects of excessively drinking alcohol can be extremely serious, or even fatal. One physical effect of alcoholism is causing cancer in the liver, kidney and stomach. Alcohol abuse is the leading factor to developing Cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol related Cirrhosis usually develops after more then almost a decade of heavy drinking, but for some it may develop quicker; all depending on how your body reacts to alcohol. â€Å"In cirrhosis of the liver, scar tissue replaces normal, healthy tissue, blocking the flow of blood through the organ and preventing it from working as it should. Cirrhosis is the twelfth leading cause of death by disease, killing about 26,000 people each year. † Another physical effect of alcoholism is the altering of nutrients digestions which your body needs in order to remain healthy. Another physical damage that alcohol abuse brings is damaging of the neurons and thereby causing body movement alterations, depression and loss of appetite. Since drinking too much alcohol can raise some fats in the blood, that means it can also lead to high blood pressure, heart failure, and increased calorie intake which could lead to the development of diabetes. Liver diseases and illnesses aren’t the only complications of long term alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse can also lead to birth defects. The most sever cases of birth defects are Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopment Disorder. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is what can happen when a woman drinks an excessive amount of alcohol during the pregnancy. It’s been estimated that one in every seven hundred and fifty infants is born with a patterns of physical, developmental, and functional problems referring to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Some symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may include premature birth weight, developmental delay, learning difficulties, and behavioral problems. Alcoholism also causes psychological effects as it changes your normal behavior and this is when you feel anxious and become depressed. Other psychological effects of alcoholism include violence, suicide, family and legal problems. Alcohol abuse can also cause economic effects. This is because getting an alcoholic drink is not cheap. If you drink several drinks on a daily basis you will definitely notice that you are spending a lot of money that can be used for other important stuff. An alarming amount of accidents, crimes and suicides, are the result of alcohol abuse by one or more family members. The latest death statistics released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), In the United States, in 2010, more than 10,000 people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. That is equivalent to one every 51 minutes. Alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated $37 billion annually. These statistics are avoidable by not abusing alcohol or drinking in an environment that puts others at risk of becoming a statistic. Alcoholism is just as damaging to family members as it is to the alcoholic. Adult Children of Alcoholics often are in denial that their problems come from there parents or parent being an alcoholic. Many of them have severe problems with depression, aggression, or impulsive behavior. Most children of alcoholics make poor career choices and aren’t capable of being responsible parents, because they weren’t raised correctly themselves. Due to the large amount of money spent on alcohol and also possible joblessness the family may have to give up certain privileges that a non-alcoholic family wouldn’t. Being an alcoholic can totally disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. Thousands of alcoholics are helped to stop drinking every year. The chances of recovery are good if alcohol abuse or alcoholism is treated in its early or middle stages. Unfortunately, most alcoholics do not receive treatment therefore; over 90 percent of them will die as a result of their alcoholism. On the more positive side about 700,000 Americans receive alcoholism treatment on any given day. However, the techniques of alcoholism therapy only work if the patient is ready to seek help. One of the most traditional ways for an alcoholic to seek treatment is through the Alcoholic Anonymous 12 step program. Other then AA, there are many different programs available to help a person trying to seek recovery. Alcoholism is a disease that could consume ones life, but with support and treatment, many individuals are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives. Work Cited Page â€Å"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism†. 2007. NIAAA. July. 2007 Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Susan_B_Ward http://www. nhtsa. gov/Impaired.

Nuclear Isomer Definition and Examples

Nuclear Isomer Definition and Examples Nuclear Isomer Definition Nuclear isomers are atoms with the same mass number and atomic number, but with different states of excitation in the atomic nucleus. The higher or more excited state is called a metastable state, while the stable, unexcited state is called the ground state. How They Work Most people are aware electrons can change energy levels and be found in excited states. An analogous process occurs in the atomic nucleus when protons or neutrons (the nucleons) become excited. The excited nucleon occupies a higher energy nuclear orbital. Most of the time, the excited nucleons return immediately to the ground state, but if the excited state has a half-life longer than 100 to 1000 times that of normal excited states, it is considered a metastable state. In other words, the half-life of an excited state is usually on the order of 10-12 seconds, while a metastable state has a half-life of 10-9 seconds or longer. Some sources define a metastable state as having a half-life greater than 5 x 10-9 seconds to avoid confusion with the half-life of gamma emission. While most metastable states decay quickly, some last for minutes, hours, years, or much longer. The reason metastable states form is because a larger nuclear spin change is needed in order for them to return to the ground state. High spin change makes the decays forbidden transitions and delays them. Decay half-life is also affected by how much decay energy is available. Most nuclear isomers return to the ground state via gamma decay. Sometimes gamma decay from a metastable state is named isomeric transition, but its essentially the same as normal short-lived gamma decay. In contrast, most excited atomic states (electrons) return to the ground state via fluorescence. Another way metastable isomers can decay is by internal conversion. In internal conversion, the energy that is released by the decay accelerates an inner electron, causing it to exit the atom with considerable energy and speed. Other decay modes exist for highly unstable nuclear isomers. Metastable and Ground State Notation The ground state is indicated using the symbol g (when any notation is used). The excited states are denoted using the symbols m, n, o, etc. The first metastable state is indicated by the letter m. If a specific isotope has multiple metastable states, the isomers are designated m1, m2, m3, etc. The designation is listed after the mass number (e.g., cobalt 58m or 58m27Co, hafnium-178m2 or 178m272Hf). The symbol sf may be added to indicate isomers capable of spontaneous fission. This symbol is used in the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart. Metastable State Examples Otto Hahn discovered the first nuclear isomer in 1921. This was Pa-234m, which decays in Pa-234. The longest-lived metastable state is that of 180m73 Ta. This metastable state of tantalum has not been seen to decay and appears to last at least 1015 years (longer than the age of the universe). Because the metastable state endures so long, the nuclear isomer is essentially stable. Tantalum-180m is found in nature at an abundance of about 1 per 8300 atoms. Its thought perhaps the nuclear isomer was made in supernovae. How They Are Made Metastable nuclear isomers occur via nuclear reactions and can be produced using nuclear fusion. They occur both naturally and artificially. Fission Isomers and Shape Isomers A specific type of nuclear isomer is the fission isomer or shape isomer. Fission isomers are indicated using either a postscript or superscript f instead of m (e.g., plutonium-240f or 240f94Pu). The term shape isomer refers to the shape of the atomic nucleus. While the atomic nucleus tends to be depicted as a sphere, some nuclei, such as those of most actinides, are prolate spheres (football-shaped). Because of quantum mechanical effects, de-excitation of excited states to the ground state is hindered, so the excited states tend to undergo spontaneous fission or else return to the ground state with a half-life of nanoseconds or microseconds. The protons and neutrons of a shape isomer may be even further from a spherical distribution than the nucleons on the ground state. Uses of Nuclear Isomers Nuclear isomers may be used as gamma sources for medical procedures, nuclear batteries, for research into gamma ray stimulated emission, and for gamma ray lasers.

BP Oil and Gas Industry

The BP or Deepwater Horizon oil spill is considered as the biggest oil spill in the entire history of United Kingdom. The explosion of Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico severely injured and destroyed the lives of several people. Furthermore, because of the explosion, the fire burnt for over one and a half days, thereby creating havoc and leading to mass destruction all around. Not only the businesses located in the Gulf region but also the tourism and fishing industries were badly affected because of the spill. panies associated with this spill faced various problems as they were under an obligation to not only clear the spill but also pensate the ones affected due to it. In order to initiate relief proceedings, an attorney group was found and BP had to encounter various lawsuits because the impact of the spill was disastrous as it spread over 490 miles, thereby affecting many states including Florida, Mississippi, etc. Since BP was the key player in the Macondo Project, the co nsequences encountered by it were pletely legitimate and accurate because panies that put the environment at stake owes a non-delegable responsibility in the form of such consequences (Chevron Corporation, 2013). Going by the impacts and the overall assessment it will be clear that BP flouted the and hence the fines and penalties were legitimate. Since BP played the key role in creating such havoc and destruction through the spill, it had to encounter such problems in the form of lawsuits and pensation. In the initial segments, BP will be taken into consideration and thereafter the environment in which the pany operates will be considered. Furthermore, the vigor of the spill will also be given due importance in order to understand the financial entanglements, lawsuits, and other problems encountered by BP (CBS Chicago, 2013). Moreover, this research also aims to advocate about the financial impacts faced by BP after the oil spill. Hence, this research is very significant, as the deficiencies possessed by the oil panies can be known and panies like BP might remain cautious in future. British Petroleum, a leading international producer of gas has many histories of gross misconduct in its operations since 1995. In relation to the oil spill, it is notable that it was not only the biggest but also the most disastrous in the entire history of UK. This makes it clear that BP’s misconduct was highly punishable by law because the businesses, individuals, marine habitats, etc were all badly affected by the Gulf of Mexico. Moreover, Tony Hayward, Chief Executive of BP agreed to all these damages and claims, as it had no other option (BP Plc, 2014). Since the effects of the spill were massive and widespread, spill cleaning was the prime responsibility of BP. Therefore, the pany took several steps to clean the spill and for this operation, it directed a fleet of vessels and arranged various tools that could assist the vessels in collecting the oil floating in water (Jacobson, 2013). Approximately 5000 vessels and ninety thousand people were directed to plete this process efficiently. Furthermore, BP had to incur around $14 million for this operation and after pletion of this process; around 827,046 barrels of oil were collected (Channel News Asia, 2017). As per the survey, out of 4300 miles of shoreline, around 635 miles required manual oil cleaning procedures. Taking all these impacts in due consideration, these consequences were appropriate for the pany. Since BP was the main player in the oil spill, it was under a non-delegable responsibility to take corrective actions, whether the consequences are high or not. Hence, it decided to take various actions in order to restore the Gulf of Mexico and other affected states. These actions prise of cleaning, research, pensation, etc that required millions of dollars (Mason, 2010). In relation to this, approximately $37.2 billion was kept aside by BP in order to manage all the expenses associated with the disaster (Fodor & Stowe, 2010). An oil spill trust was also introduced in association with this matter and it cost a whopping amount of $20 billion to the pany (BP Plc, 2012). In addition, BP also undertook a responsibility to pay $1.25 billion as additional payments every quarter until 2013. These figures depict that BP had to expand heavily in the restoration process but taking the impacts in due consideration, this had to be done. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of the oil spill, BP coordinated and worked with various state and federal bodies. Furthermore, an NRD (Natural Resource Damages) was also initiated in this regard so that the magnitude of damages can be determined and thereafter, proper corrective actions can be decided for the same. In these activities, BP incurred more than $600 million that is a huge expense. In addition to this, BP arranged to undertake many observational surveys to ascertain the impact of the spill on wildlife habitats. Efficient steps were thereafter taken in order to safeguard and relocate the sea turtles by creating special rehabilitation centers for these creatures (Broder & Krauss, 2011). BP also offered a whopping amount of $22 million to the national wildlife and fish foundation. In addition, the pany also incurred more than $500 million over the period of ten years to create an unbiased research program for lessening the impact of the spill. Since several other states were also affected by the spill, BP had assured payments of $87 million to these states in order to safeguard the tourism industry from the disastrous influence of the spill. In addition, BP also arranged to extend $92 million in the year 2011 for the period of three years wherein $63.5 million was provided in 2011 itself and the remaining amounts in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The pany also made proper arrangements in order to examine the seafood industry over the entire region of Gulf of Mexico (Broder, 2012). In relation to this, BP had expended more than $9.3 million for examination of seafood in the year 2011 and an additional $24.2 million in the year 2012. Furthermore, BP also expended an additional $7.1 million for seafood marketing in the year 2011. Hence, taking all these in due consideration, it can be said that the pany had to encounter huge obligations but in lieu of the disastrous impacts on businesses, habitats, individuals, etc, these conseq uences are appropriately fair and accurate (Broder, 2012). In the United States, there was a lack of effective and thorough policy especially in the hands of the officialdom. Therefore, it was certain that the policy to stabilize the peting interests to determine the attainment and utilization of energy were missing. Moreover, since the oil spill came out to be the biggest disaster, this clearly highlights the inefficiency of the regulatory authorities on their part. Furthermore, this also signifies that the failure of regulatory framework was not only attributable to the regulatory authorities, but also to the environmental laws on a whole. Hence, it was evident that the regulatory authorities and the legal system failed to function effectively, thereby leading to such a massive disaster and affecting millions of diversities and people. According to several investigations, it came out that the presence of powerful and efficient statutory policies could have assisted in safeguarding from such a disaster. Hence, this also portrays a misbalance in the theory of public interest and notion of effective corporate governance and ethics. Furthermore, in relation to the theory of public interest, if the markets were left to operate on their own, then they would behave indifferently since they are delicate in nature (Jefferson & Bowling, 2011). However, the oil spill still occurred even in the prevalence of proper control by the statutory authorities. This depicts a failure and inefficiency on the part of authorities. It is the prime responsibility of the regulators to act in an efficient manner so that the public interests are not taken for granted and proper assistance is provided to them. Furthermore, contingencies are uncertain and the regulators must make proper ways and create backup strategies in order to be prepared for such situations. However, this failed to happen in the case of BP oil spill that clearly sheds light on their inefficiencies, thereby leading to a massive havoc. Because of such a massive disaster, ways were planted for several new procedures and plans. The oil spill incident came out to be one of the biggest mistakes on the part of BP, thereby leading towards the destruction of businesses, wildlife habitats, and the environment as a whole. Investigations carried out after the disaster sheds light on the urgent requirement of effective corporate governance in panies (Cleveland, 2010). It was also notable that BP did not pensate in full for the damages occurred in the Gulf of Mexico and other states. If the investigation were not conducted, the pany would not have e forward in order to accept their grave mistake. Moreover, the pany was fined a whopping amount of $4 billion that is not a heavy amount when pared to their never-ending profits of more than $11 billion. The closing share price of BP as on 19 April 2010 reported at $59.48 whereas its market capitalization reported at $186.20 billion. It is notable that on the day of occurrence of the oil spill, BP’s stock price depicted an upward trend rising from $59.48 to $60.48 (Booz & Hamilton, 2010). This came out to be a shock even after the massive impact of the oil spill. However, after nine days, the stock price started falling down and reported at $54.7, which is a massive decline of 8.3%. Since this day, the stock prices continued to decline and reported at $27.02, which is a decline of 54.6% since 19 April. Moreover, in terms of market capitalization, this decline portrayed a massive loss of $101.59 billion (CBS Chicago, 2013). The above report gives a strong emphasis on the oil spill and it is clear from the discussion and argument that there BP flouted laws and made grave mistakes. The result gives a glaring response that there must be stringent policies on the oil panies so that any law is not broken. Further, the oil, as well as gas panies must chalk out emergency plans and the offshore operations must be aware of it. There must be a strong hazard program and skills must be updated so that potential liability can be meeting with ease and flexibility. When it es to huge entities like BP it has a strong team that has a strong hold so that any potential liability can be minimized. As a matter of fact, the Oil Spill had a disaster impact on BP and its partner. To make up for the loss, BP sold $30 billion assets for the cleanup, legal claims, etc. This prised 20% of the total assets of the pany and ultimately was followed by a huge set back to the prices of stock. The policies that look after corporation’s liability are noted with precision. However, the stress must now be provided on the part of the corporate social responsibility that will negate the negative impact on the society and create goodwill for the pany. Acts like BP oil spill can be eliminated if the regulator crafts a strong policy and mittee are set up for looking at such situations.   Booz, A & Hamilton, A 2010, The Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Market Response - Part One, Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. Broder, J. M 2012, Ruling Favours Owner of Rig in Gulf Spill, The New York Times, viewed 28 January 2017, https://www.nytimes /2012/01/27/business/energy-environment/transocean-not-liable-for-some-gulf-spill-claims-judge-rules.html. Broder, J. M., & Krauss, C 2011, Regulation of Offshore Rigs Is a Work in Progress, The New York Times, viewed 28 January 2017, https://www.nytimes /2011/04/17/us/politics/17regulate.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 BP Plc 2014, Annual report and accounts 2014, viewed 27 January 2017, https://www.bp /content/dam/bp country/de_de/PDFs/brochures/BP_Annual_Report_and_Form_20F_2014.pdf BP Plc 2012, Annual report and accounts 2014, viewed 27 January 2017, https://www.bp /content/dam/bp/pdf/investors/bp-annual-report-and-form-20f-2012.pdf CBS Chicago 2013, BP Settles Class-Action Lawsuit Over Tainted Gasoline, CBS Chicago, viewed 27 January 2017, https://chicago.cbslocal /2013/08/21/bp-settles-class-action-lawsuit-over-tainted-gasoline/ Channel News Asia 2013, BP says oil spill pensation fund running out, viewed 25 January 2017, &lRequired actiont;https://www.channelnewsasia >. Chevron Corporation 2013, Corporate Responsibility, Chevron, viewed 27 January 2017, https://www.chevron /corporateresponsibility/ Cleveland, C. J 2010,   Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill,   viewed 26 January 2017, https://www.eoearth.org/article/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill?topic=50364. Cherry, M.A., Sneirson, J.F 2010, ‘Beyond Profit: Rethinking Corporate Social Responsibility and Green washing after the BP Oil Disaster’, Tulane Law Review, vol. 85, no.4, pp. 983-1038 Fodor, A., Stowe, J.D 2010, The BP Oil Disaster: Stock and Option Market Reactions, Working Paper, Ohio University. Jefferson, J., Bowling, N 2011, The Economic and Biological Impacts of The BP Oil Spill, NDS 372.01 Environmental Studies Capstone Seminar. Jacobson, M 2013, By the Numbers: The Oil Spill and BP's Legal Troubles, PBS News Hour, viewed 26 January 2017, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/07/gulf-oil-spill-by-the-numbers.html. Mason, J.R 2010, The Economic Cost of a Moratorium on Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration to the Gulf Region, Working Paper :Louisiana State University. Yahoo 2013, BP plc (BP), Yahoo Finance, viewed 26 January 2017, https://finance.yahoo /q?s=BP.

OH&S-Incident investigation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

OH&S-Incident investigation - Case Study Example When the accident happened, the company nurse was unable to assist Mike as she had no previous training on forklift accidents. The accident resulted in the death of Mike. A comprehensive workplace safety investigation was then launched. The nurse was interviewed and she admitted that she was unable to render first aid. The warehouse supervisor was interviewed and he had admitted that they were not able to follow the scheduled maintenance of all the forklift trucks due to budgetary constraints. Several forklift operators admitted that there was no journal for recording injuries on the workplace. An interview with the truck operators yielded answers which point to the poor maintenance of the trucks. An interview with the company treasurer revealed that he had not released any budget for the maintenance of the trucks for the same period. The results were disconcerting. More than half of the forklifts, had the same safety switches disconnected, there was no set maintenance schedule, no procedure for reporting defects, no competent adviser on health and safety and no adequate management systems in place. Staff at the depot were encouraged to work as quickly as possible under a "work and finish" regime, which meant once they finished a set work quota, they could go home or move on to a higher rate of pay. But the court was told how the system was "not conducive to good health and safety practice" and left no time for preventive maintenance on the forklift trucks. The only employee at the site who is responsible for health and safety measures was an occupational nurse with no technical knowledge of forklift trucks. STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION OF WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS There is a need to put into place an Injury Prevention Program with the commitment of top management. The first strategy is to assign responsibilities to specific personnel. There must be a maintenance engineer who will manage the preventive maintenance of all the forklifts in the place. This engineer will schedule regular inspections and evaluation system for the forklift trucks. This is an appropriate action since an added accident report at the company warehouse will merit fines from the Australian government. The company will also spend more money paying hospital costs and insurance expenses to the affected employees. This Injury Prevention Program will only be functional if the top management gives their full support behind it. The second strategy is to have a safety communications system with employees. The company must have a form readily understandable by all affected employees on matters relating to occupational safety and health, including provisions designed to encourage employees to inform the employer of hazards at the worksite without fear of reprisal. This is an effective move since this strategy will pinpoint potential accident hazards in the workplace. The end result will be accident prevention. The third strategy is to establish a system for assuring employee compliance with safe work practices. An important part of the strategy is to outline the procedures for correcting unsafe and unhealthy conditions. This will prevent many hazards from occurring through scheduled and documented self-inspections. An effective hazard control system will result in the identification of several hazards that exist or develop in the

Modern Project managing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern Project managing - Essay Example As such, this student has reviewed an article within the Wall Street Journal which is specifically directed towards project management and the means by which project managers ultimately succeed or fail. The article itself, entitled, â€Å"Dangers of Clinging to Solutions of the Past† approaches the topic of expertise and it applications within project management from a different perspective than almost all other research articles or readings in the press have. Rather than assuming that a great degree of experience is necessarily represents a net asset to the organization, the approach of the author of the article, as well as the information that was reviewed is that the prior knowledge of a manager is not a pre-requisite to success and worse still may represent a very broad range of negative carryovers from incorrect ways that problems had been tackled in the past. As a function of understanding these nuances, the following brief paper will seek to highlight the ways in which traditional understandings of the importance of experience significantly deviate from the perspective that the author of this particular piece of journalism has concluded. Although it is of course incorrect to take a piece of journalism such as the Wall Street Journal and draw a wide range of inference from it with regards to the way in which project management should necessarily proceed, this alongside the other forms of inference that the student can glean from reading management textbooks and a range of peer reviewed articles help to paint the picture of how aspects of so-called â€Å"common sense† deviates significantly from what practicality and actuality demand. Whereas our current model of understanding change and leadership center around finding an individual with the sage knowledge to guide a firm, organization, or group of employees towards the new paradigm, the fact of the matter is, as discussed by the article’s author, that oftentimes the change leader wit h little to no prior experience within such a context can oftentimes evoke a more positive transition than one who has a storied past illustrated during a broad career. As the author notes, this is the result of the fact that few if any change managers that have a broad level of experience have been proven to integrate positive change in an organization. Conversely, those managers that have little if any real world experience have to do what the author refers to as â€Å"learn on their feet†. In this way, rather than forcing an approach that has somewhat worked in the past into a situation, department, or business in which it is more than certain to fail. Conversely, the ability of the young and/or otherwise inexperienced leader to invoke a level of positive change is aided by his lack of baggage from previous employers. Although experience in and of itself is not a detriment to the leader’s progress, the reliance and understanding upon this experience as a means of ef fecting the new change is. As the author of the article states, the fact of the matter is that the inexperienced leader has a definite advantage upon the competition due to the fact that he/she is not polluted by pre-conceived notions of what would ultimately provide a net benefit to the firm or

Arguments upon the American dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arguments upon the American dream - Essay Example As stated by renowned American author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, in the novel ‘The Great Gatsby’, the American dream is the pursuit of happiness. Every American man has been trying his best in order to do better and earn more by getting a better job. In the novel, the protagonists, or the members of the family try their best to achieve as many possessions as they can as well as acquire wealth and make something of themselves. They each have a dream of their own and try their level best to achieve the status of a rich person. In the modern day and age as well, most Americans share the same dream and have tried their best to climb up on the wealth ladder in order to be able to have a higher purchasing power so that they can earn a higher status for themselves in society and be able to demand for more products. (The American Dream - F. Scott Fitzgerald) However, this very dream has been denounced according to the American people, commonly known as the Whites, because of the influx of a large population that has been setting and establishing itself within America, for a very long time. The Whites feel prejudice within their hearts against immigrants for the sole reason that they feel that the other people have been taking their jobs away and have thus, in the process, taken away their ‘American dream’. Because of this, the Whites are not being able to fulfil their desires due to the shortage of jobs and employment opportunities as well as seats in educational institutions, schools and colleges. The White race within the confines of the United States has also been shifting over the years because of migrations by people from different countries, belonging to different races. According to a number of reports, over the years, the shift has been so much that half of America consists of the Whites now and the rest of it consis ts of people belonging to other races, mostly the Blacks and the Browns. (Government Census) A race is a line of people measured on the basis of their skin colour; there are a number of people that are ‘racists’ or those that discriminate on the basis of a person’s skin colour and do not offer him jobs or educational opportunities because of the same reason. For a long time, White people have been known to be racists because there has been a history of them discriminating against people belonging to other races. Today in America people belonging to other races have been facing this problem very harshly and are finding it difficult to survive there. The Whites simply mention that they are forced to take these steps in order for them to be able to retain their jobs and other opportunities and not have everything being given away to other people. Being racist is a bad thing because discrimination on any ground is not a civil action to carry out. However, for the mos t part, there is a certain amount that the country might lose out on by losing a White majority because a vast amount of industrialization has been brought about by the Whites. They have been able to contribute a great amount to the world of modern information and technology with the help of the advent of the internet as well as other global communication facilities. They have set the bar for the

About notebook

About notebook A. Describe what would the police investigator do to the notebook after the parents have passed the notebook to them? There are several procedures a police investigator would do when he receives the laptop. The investigator then has to take down the details of the laptop such as the number of disk drives, any plugged in removable media, time and date of the laptop from the bios and the current time and date from the investigators clock and such. The laptops make and model, and any significant information of it at that time will have to be taken down to. Photos will have to be taken of the original state of the laptop, including the current screen, if it was on. The next step would be to do a hard reset to the system if it is running an operating system. This prevents any further changes to data or any scripts to run. The removable slots of the laptop would also have to be sealed to prevent tampering. Any removable media will have to be documented and securely kept and tagged, or more commonly known as the bag and tag process. All these would be necessary in court to prove proper procedures, integrit y and help in the documentation and recreation of the scene, helping the investigators to visualize the state of which the laptop was in. As computer components are in question, they should be kept in anti static bags to prevent any damage to them during transit or handling by static electricity. The laptop will then be sent to the lab where images of the different data sources will be created and worked upon. The original will not be touched. B. What hardware resources are needed to analyze a notebook? The hardware resources needed to analyze a notebook would depend on the situation. A laptop or desktop can be used on site or in the lab. The laptop or desktop would have to be equipped with a hard disk that is large enough to contain the exact image of the laptops drives and removable media. A write blocker would also be needed to ensure no writing is done to the data during image creation. To assist in the creation, a Live CD can be used to boot up the suspects laptop, typically a small sized Linux distribution. IDE cables, adapters, crossover cables, fire-wire cables and bays are all common hardware for data connection. Additional tools would be torchlight for use in dark areas, gloves to prevent physical evidence tampering and a log form to log all activities done. C. Compare the architectural hardware differences between a notebook and a desktop computer, along with the different tools or equipment that might be needed to perform a forensic image acquisition. There are several architectural differences between a notebook and a desktop computer. The most significant would be the IDE interface. A laptop would use a small IDE connectors than a desktop, although more recent laptops could be using the SATA connections which would be similar. However, laptops could also have soldered on connections, especially if it is using a solid state drive(SSD). Certain laptops which are smaller in size, such as net-books might not have certain ports or means of data storage such as fire-wire ports, USB ports or even CD-ROM drives. In fact, most modern day laptops do not even have a floppy drive. The forensic investigator would then have to plug in an external drive to the IDE ports or USB ports externally. Although with recent technology, it would be possible to boot from a boot-able USB drive, eliminating the need for a CD-ROM drive or floppy drive. D. Base on the scenario, decide whether you want to use more than one tool to create the image, write a brief outline on the choice of tool. I can use a Live CD such as Backtrack 2, SANS Forensic Workstation or even any Linux distribution to create the image with the dd command. # dd if=/dev/hda conv=sync,noerror bs=64K | gzip -c > /mnt/sda1/hda.img.gz I can then restore the image into any disks by unzipping and using dd to restore. # gunzip -c /mnt/sda1/hda.img.gz | dd of=/dev/hda conv=sync,noerror bs=64K The disk information should also be stored by using fdisk command and piping to a text or info file. # fdisk -l /dev/hda > /mnt/sda1/hda_fdisk.info The advantage of using DD in forensics is that it will create an image of the whole disk, including the unused blocks. It is error free, and easy to do with any Linux distribution. E. What additional evidence could you look for at the victims home or school to obtain clues about her whereabouts? The victims room would be the most important place to search. Additional evidence such as her diary, hand phone, if available, and any books or paper that she wrote in. Her email and any personal sites which hold data online such as Facebook can help in the case. F. Explain what method would be used to preserve the integrity of the evidence obtain, and why the importance of obtaining the data from this method. A hash of the original image from the laptop and any file used should be created. Using an MD5 or SHA1 hash would be advised and recognized in court. The concept of hashing is that no two data objects can have the same hash, and thus if the hash is changed, the data has been compromised. By doing hashing on the original data, the forensic investigator can tell the court that the evidence was not tampered with and anything found was there from the start. Typically, hashing would be done before and after duplication of the disk image to ensure that the disk is exactly the same. G. Determine which file(s) have bad extension and further examine the file headers of these file(s) using a hex editor. Why is it important to carry out such procedure that it may help the team in solving the case? The file headers contain information that help the operating system to identify what kind of file it is. File headers are often corrupted or changed on purpose to hide the true identity of the file. If this is overlooked, crucial documents could be missed and identified as other types of unrelated documents. Secondly, the file headers could be corrupted to prevent reading of the file and will have to be further examined to find out the content.